According to the SCHOLARS KINDERGARTEN literacy program, phonemic awareness is the ability to think about and work with individual sounds in spoken languages. Before children learn to read, they need to be aware of how sounds work. Teachers integrate phonemic awareness and also work with individual fluency and text reading comprehension skills. Phonemic awareness is integrated into beginning writing instructions. While a child writes, teachers provide flexible writing experiences that allow young children to use scribble, random leers, or invent spellings in the beginning, and gradually move to more conventional writing. When children write their own texts, they also develop their vocabulary and phonemic awareness.